Some introductory words
In the first part of this clause the author’s sight on the basic questions connected to concept “«plan” is stated. In the second part the citations from various sources are assembled. A task of the citations — to not confirm a position of the author and to not deny е ё, and to give as wider representation about essence of a considered(examined) theme is possible.
Within the framework of short clause it is impossible to give the answers to all conceivable questions concerning a plan. Neither first, nor second part are not directed on the decision of such task. At a spelling and this, and other similar texts the author puts before itself the unique(sole) purpose: to excite at the reader interest to a considered(examined) theme and to induce it(him) to independent е ё to judgement.
PART FIRST
I.
What such “«plan”? Whether he by all means is necessary for creation of product? The questions not such simple, as seem on the first sight. On the one hand, the people can put in this concept completely different sense. On the other hand, question on a plan — it, as a matter of fact, question on the most creative process. Alas, till now to mankind is not known, how there is this process. What serves an initial pulse for him(it)? What tasks of creativity? What essence of the process? It is a lot of hypotheses. But true to us неведома.
In clause « To create and to understand » questions concerning the reasons and the purposes(as a whole) of creativity already rose. Some hypotheses there were formulated also. In this clause the attempt is undertaken to see at a question a little in another way, namely: making a start from a plan.
II.
Ожегов defines(determines) a plan as follows:
1. Conceived plan of actions or activity, intention.2. Sense, incorporated in product, idea.
The note: the word “«plan” is present not at all languages. For example, for translation of a word “«plan” on English language should be used one of related concepts, suitable on sense: plan, conception, idea, intention (plan, concept, idea, intention).
III.
If to consider(examine) a plan as the plan, it is necessary to recognize, that during creativity there can be two kinds of the plans:
1. Initial plan created prior to the beginning direct creative activity;( It is necessary to recognize, that the creation of such plan is independent creative process; and plan in this case can be quite recognized by result of creativity — you see has named Ampere-second. Пушкин the plan дантова “of «Hell” by ingenious product!) 2. Current plans arising during realization of the initial plan.
Both current, and the initial plans are not dogmas. During creativity they can considerably be transformed.
Besides it, the plans can be created is realized, and can be born as short-term inspirations.
Whether the preliminary realized plan is always necessary for creativity or it is possible to be limited to improvisations? The answer to these questions is always individual. Someone can not begin business without detailed preliminary study of a question, and someone is ready at once to try to break to realization. Both approaches have the right to existence, for it is possible to find set of examples confirming разумность as that, and another.
IV.
By consideration of a plan as « of the sense, incorporated in product, idea » of questions arises much more. First of all, not absolutely clearly, how in product it is possible «to put “in pawn” any idea. You see product — not the pie, in which is possible to put any stuffing! If at creation of verbal products ещ ё it is possible how to lean against language senses, what to do(make) at creation,say, music?
But even the senses, which, in opinion of the author, it was possible «to put “in pawn”, can not always be perceived unequivocally (neither at an information level, nor at a level of feelings). The process of comprehension of an author’s plan in a vast degree depends on a cultural context, from a concrete condition of the man, which perceives product, from conditions of perception(recognition), etc.
But it at all does not mean, that the author should refuse transfer of ideas and senses through сво ё product. Main — to be ready that other people can in own way apprehend these ideas and senses. The author always should recognize the right of other people on own perception(recognition) and alternative treatment.
Hardly in more details this aspect is considered in clause « To create and to understand ».
V.
Whether the plan should answer a question: « what for (for what, with what purpose etc.) this or that product is created? » In opinion of the author of these lines: no, does not owe. The purposes and tasks are clear априорно. The author creates, first of all, for itself. The man, perceiving a work of art, also is focused on the analysis, mainly, own feelings, instead of on comprehension of an author’s plan. The basic elements of these two tasks (two processes) — fine have coincided! Have not coincided — too no trouble!
However not everyone adhere to the same point of view. For example, And. Васильев at one time has written in a magazine « the Soviet photo »: « At analysis of pictures repeatedly were necessary on a question « for what to me you it have removed(taken off)? » To receive the answer: « So, it was pleasant ». And there are more any arguments. It is the widely widespread illness of growth … »
Whether but it is possible and whether pertinently to try to find out at домохозяйки: what for she has decided(solved) to prepare for dinner,say, отбивную? Why not a fish? Why not cutlets? What wanted to say by the choice? What idea stood behind this отбивной? What deep sense of this dish? Whether she pursued the purpose secretly прорекламировать meat лавку opposite(on the contrary) е ё at home? Etc.
Precisely as and with a plan …
And домохозяйка, and author at all are not obliged to answer a question « what for? » And what to us a difference! If the result is capable to render on us emotional influence, it is necessary simply to thank what creativity was necessary to us as desirable.
1. Вышесказанное it is not necessary to perceive in the sense that the creative process does not have reasons. The reasons are at only.Well, as a last resort, they can always be thought up.; -)
2. Same fairly and concerning the purposes. The man tries by all to be engaged purposefully. Were engaged creativity, he can aspire to reach(achieve) great variety of the purposes: from « not bad подзаработать » up to « to pass wonderful mood of this surprising evening ». The object in views, certainly, can have an effect for result of creativity. But to estimate and to perceive this result knowledge of the purposes at all it is not required. Moreover, there are no such purposes, which прямиком conduct to success; as there are no also such purposes, that obviously provide a failure.
VI.
Whether the author by the beforehand developed plan works, whether he improvises on a speed hand — in both cases is engaged in self-expression, that is not simply reflects in the products an existing reality, but also leaves in them частичку of the soul.
But there are also adherents of other approach., for example, some of rules ломографии:
— Do not think. — Work quickly. — You do not need to know beforehand, that is removed(taken off) at you on a film. — You do not need to know it and then.( Malicious languages like to add: « Under the large bill to remove to you too it is not necessary ».)
But that is curious: often ломографы concern to separate pictures only as to elementary кирпичикам, that is as to a material, from which during the further job something should appear on light more значимое. In result occur, for example, panel from pictures. On the foreground the creative moments connected to selection, упорядочиванием and registration leave. It turns out, that the essence of authorship cannot be eradicated. The soul of the founder will search by all means for ways for self-expression and self-reflection as a result of creative job. If these purposes not удаётся to reach(achieve) during shooting, they will be decided(solved) by all means at other stages. And then also it will be pertinent to recollect a plan.
Than higher is the skill of the author, than more he is spiritually advanced — the more important for him(it) to achieve desirable result during purposeful activity, instead of at will of a case. By and large, the activity of the author is directed, if and not on complete elimination of accidents,, at least, on the item of information of their influence to a minimum.
VII.
The ancient wisdom says: « Want, that the gods have laughed at you? Tell by him(it) about the plans ».
Approximately in the same sense has expressed and Пауло Коэльо: « When you write the book, you should absolute on it be concentrated and should not speak about her, yet will not put last point ».
However many authors adhere to opposite opinion. They find rather useful to be divided задумками with other people. The sense can be simple: from an initial plan almost always remains very little, and during discussion conceived it is possible to get weight of new useful ideas. So, Юрий Олеша wrote: « I, for example, have noticed, that for me personally it is very useful to tell the plans. Something turns out like improvisation — and unexpectedly for me the whole accidents are born not that that details or paints, and whole pieces,! »
VIII.
So the plan whether or not is necessary? The question is not absolutely correct. The plan, as something non-material, as pure(clean) idea, as a particle of soul of the author, always is present at product.
In clause about psychology of improvisation Б.М. Рунин writes: « Any creativity represents process incessant взаимопереходов of a plan and realization, experience and expression, rational and intuitive ». With this idea it is difficult to not agree.
But as a whole, it is necessary to recognize, that in creative process for us much остаётся not clear. Hardly someone can assert(approve), that knows true in final instance. As if to a plan, then, on a sight of the author of these lines, it is useful to not overlook(forget) aphorism – paradox: « the best impromptu — what beforehand is prepared ». And « how it(him) to prepare? » — it everyone decides(solves) itself.
PART SECONDTHE ELECTED CITATIONS I.For the benefit of a PLAN (IDEA, CONCEPT)
1.« The Fan(amateur) writes, how the god on soul will put, and the professional knows, that, what for and why he does(makes); works within the framework of the certain concept … »Сергей Серегин in interview for Ивана Кузнецова
2.« — For what to you this говорильная the machine? — has asked Шпунтик. — And as! — has exclaimed Смекайло. — the Writer without such device — as without hands. I can put бормотограф in any apartment, and he will write down everything, about what speak. I will need only to copy — to you the story or even the novel. — Up to what it is all simply! — has exclaimed Шпунтик. — And I somewhere read, that to the writer any fiction, plan … is necessary— Э, plan! — impatiently has interrupted it(him) Смекайло. — It only in the books so is written, that the plan is necessary, and try conceive something, when all already and without you is conceived! That take — all already was. And here take directly so to say, from a nature — something and will leave, that else at anybody from the writers was not ». Nickolai of Noses. « Adventures Незнайки and his(its) friends ».
3.« Without idea there is no product, therefore it is not necessary anything to begin, be not defined(determined) yet clearly and precisely: for what, what for, what exactly want to say and on what свершения подвигнуть reading? »Юрий Никитин. « How to become the writer ».
II.NOT For the benefit of a PLAN (IDEA, CONCEPT)
1.« The Rates of the writers and writers up to exhaustion are carried with idea, considering е ё by most sacred of all sacred cows, but actually she (be not horrified!) – business not too important ».
« … to begin from questions and ideological reasons — the recipe of creation of the bad literature. The good literature always begins with a theme and develops to idea, almost never it happens on the contrary ».Стивен Кинг. « How to write the books ». (Stephen King. « On Writing ».)
2.« But it is not necessary to be ashamed of accident, it is necessary to force her(it) to work. … At the end photographic masterpieces are born from casual confluence of great variety of circumstances … »
« By virtue of specificity of a photo more often photographer passes a way not from a plan to result, and opposite — from result to his(its) judgement, estimation and analysis ».Александр Лапин. « A Photo as … »
3.« It is difficult to the Artist to distinguish, that he does(makes) deliberately, and that is mysterious or is inexplicable ».Федерико Феллини
III.THE PLAN (IDEA, CONCEPT) IS IMPORTANT, BUT …
1.« The Plan sometimes occurs per one second. Intonation, or casual word, or чь that person. Then begin it(him) щупать, understand about what, the subject or semantic line is built. But for some reason it is impossible to sit. Then доходишь up to any degree of despair, have a seat and find out, that all completely another, all goes наперекосяк. But when it appears, at last, made, is found out, what exactly it and reflected ».Андрей of Bits. In clause in “«Коммерсантъ-daily” from November 29, 1997.
2.« Just Юрий the Growth has decided(solved) to remove(take off) the foreman in забое, without any illumination, shine(cover) it(him) owed (remaining in shadows) members of a brigade — by the bulbs. Thus, he would arise not one, and in light of the brigade — as well as was in life. But on a place the press photographer has understood, that the image of the hero who has been thought up in edition, anything general(common) with the real man has no. Therefore Ю. The growth has accepted the decision to photograph the deserved foreman on базаре among his(its) one-peasants … »From the book М.Н. Ким. « Technology of creation of journalistic product ».
3.« I wrote without the plan. Some, working, speak themselves: this place was not possible to me, I shall leave it(him) while, I shall write further, then вернусь and обработаю. Unfortunately, I so to work I am not able. I can advance further only when everything, that remained behind, it seems to me made well. If I feel, that in written any expression or the separate word is unsuccessful, I all the same вернусь and shall sit that it seems to me unsuccessful, until I shall achieve result, satisfying my taste, … Certainly, it is wrong. Because I so a lot of time spend on the products. But what to do(make)! The manner everyone is extremely individual. Золя not only the plan made, but also расписывал terms, when what page will be completed. And on a calendar is ordinary and finished all job, in accuracy, as has planned … Пушкин has said, that one only plan дантова « of a Hell » already is ingenious product. Thus, all speaks that is necessary before to write, to make the plan. However Алексей Thick in one of the statements notices, that when the plan is made and already write by this plan, suddenly there is a revolt of the characters. Became to be, such thing is possible(probable) also! Became to be, the creativity of the event can proceed also then, when event already occurs. And in it — one of remarkable properties of creativity. The creativity is radioactive. One idea radiates another. The poet improvises. I, for example, have noticed, that for me personally it is very useful to tell the plans. Something turns out like improvisation — and unexpectedly for me the whole accidents are born not that that details or paints, and whole pieces,! »Юрий Олеша about the book “«Envy”
4.« To remove there is a sense only then, when the author hopes to inform up to the spectator any original information either through the contents, or through the form, or through that and another. … As if to a creative plan as directed мыслительного of process, it(him) can and to not be at all. If to speak more correctly, he, certainly, is present always, but can borrow(occupy) on time literally instants. It is important, that the photographer was psychologically prepared, « is aimed » at this or that kind of shooting ».А. Васильев « the Soviet photo », №7, 1990
5.« It is impossible to improvise, it is necessary to prepare, it is necessary to be careful, it is necessary to plan. Only when all is carefully prepared, when all is fulfilled, then it is possible to begin to improvise ».Ингмар Бергман
6.« Paradox of an advancing », when desirable is realized at the artist earlier, than he has time to realize хотение, becomes the factor of amazing opening ».
« … logic and psychology of improvisation almost are not investigated. And between that the opportunities her(it) are invaluable. Any creativity represents process incessant взаимопереходов of a plan and realization, experience and expression, rational and intuitive. The moment of improvisation — is the moment of jump, break of gradualness in development of this process.
The improvisation in art bears(carries) with itself delightful sensation of a creative beginning incorporated in most мироздании. Her(it) “«by the way” of other time there is of laborious works, and sudden, on an instant sparkled in потемках a figurative prospect — of thoughtful prophecies ».Б.М. Рунин. « About psychology of improvisation ».
7.« In human creativity it is necessary to distinguish two moments two parties. There is an internal creative plan, there is from darkness a creative image, primary creative intuition. It also is depth of creativity leaving in недра unconscious. But the creative certificate(act) is also realization of a creative plan, embodiment of a creative image, deployment of creative intuition in weight ours греховного of the world. The internal creative certificate(act) is burning spirit. The external creative certificate(act) subordinated to norms and the laws, is already cooling. When the philosophical or scientific book or art product is written, the statue is created and the symphony accepts the final form, when the machine is under construction or the economic or legal establishment is organized, even when the life of church on ground with its(her) canons is organized, the creative certificate(act) is cooled, fire потухает, the creator is drawn to ground, downwards. The creator can not depart on the sky, he owes нисходить on ground in realization of the creative certificate(act). In it tragedy of creativity. All products of creativity do not correspond(meet) to creative plans and do not satisfy. In it горечь of creativity. And it also is one of the conflicts unconscious with consciousness. Consciousness насилует the unconscious creativity also deforms his(its) results. And with especial force it can be seen in creativity moral, in the moral certificates(acts) of the man ».Н. Бердяев. « About purpose(appointment) of the man. Experience of paradoxical ethics ».